Alkali-metal-doped WO3, as a near-infrared shielding material, is often designed for preparing smart windows. According to the experts, the development of new WO3-based material is significantly important for smart window applications.
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Some experts have investigated the electronic properties of alkali metals monodoped (AxWO3, A = Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs) and codoped (LixAyWO3, A = Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs) hexagonal WO3 (hex-WO3) by employing the hybrid dingal method. It is found that codoping is more stable than monodoping except in the case of (Li, Li). In the monodoped and codoped systems, the Fermi level moves into the conduction band and shows metal-like characteristic, which is responsible for the optical absorption in the visible light and NIR absorption range. In addition, the codoped systems exhibit strong NIR absorption which is not found in the pure hex-WO3. The results show that (Li, Cs) codoped hex-WO3 is the most stable among these systems, showing excellent NIR-shielding property, which is promising for energy-saving smart-window applications.
