The primary component of tungsten alloy is tungsten (W), typically enhanced with elements such as nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), and copper (Cu) to optimize performance. Tungsten boasts a density of 19.35 g/cm3, significantly higher than common materials like steel (approximately 7.8 g/cm3) or aluminum (approximately 2.7 g/cm3). This high density allows tungsten alloy to provide substantial weight in a smaller volume, meeting the stringent space requirements of counterweight designs.
Beyond its high density, tungsten alloy excels in high-temperature and corrosion resistance. With a melting point of 3,422°C for pure tungsten, even after alloying, its heat resistance surpasses that of most metals. This makes it ideal for extreme environments like high-temperature furnaces or nuclear reactor shielding components, where it maintains structural stability over long periods without deformation or oxidation. Additionally, tungsten alloy naturally resists acid and alkaline media, offering a longer service life than ordinary steel in humid, high-salinity marine engineering or chemical equipment applications.
By adjusting the proportions of added elements, the properties of tungsten alloy can be further optimized. For instance, nickel, as a key element, significantly enhances the alloy’s toughness and ductility. Nickel forms a uniform solid solution with tungsten, making the originally brittle tungsten matrix easier to process. This allows the material to be shaped into complex forms through stamping or cutting techniques. Moreover, the addition of nickel lowers the sintering temperature, reducing energy consumption and improving manufacturing efficiency.
The inclusion of iron strengthens the alloy. Iron, combined with nickel, forms intermetallic compounds at grain boundaries, enhancing the alloy’s mechanical properties. Additionally, iron’s low cost helps control raw material expenses, making tungsten alloy discs more economical for mass production of industrial-grade counterweight components. The addition of copper improves the alloy’s electrical and thermal conductivity, enabling it to perform well in scenarios requiring both counterweight and heat dissipation functions, while also enhancing corrosion resistance and extending component lifespan.
