F-doped cesium tungsten bronze for manufacturing smart window can be prepared by low-temperature hydrothermal method. For example, some experts have prepared F-doping cesium tungsten bronze with good near-infrared shielding properties by hydrothermal synthesis method, using cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3), tungstic acid (mWO3?nH2O) as raw materials, sodium fluoride (NaF) or hydrofluoric acid (HF) as fluorine source, and citric acid as inducer.
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Moreover, the experts also prepared the F doped cesium tungsten bronze powder into transparent heat insulation coating, which was applied to architectural glass by roll coating to form a heat-insulating film with high transparency, and finally a smart heat-insulating window can be obtained. However, what should be noted is that NaF is alkaline after being dissolved in water, so if the additive amount of NaF is too high, there will be no precipitation in reaction system. While HF can not only maintain the pH of precursor at low pH and continuously increase the F- concentration in the precursor fluid, but effectively improve the near-infrared shielding performance of cesium tungsten bronze.
