WO3 can be used to prepare an electrochromic thin film for the assembly of an electrochromic smart glass, thereby applying to construction, automotive or aircraft portholes. When it comes to electrochromic glass, the mechanism of electrochromism is thought of. In this regard, experts said that although the electrochromic mechanism has not been consistently concluded, for the electrochromic process of oxide films, experiments have been confirmed that a reversible change in the light absorption characteristics of the film appears with the injection or extraction of H+, Li+ plasma.
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Taking WO3 as an example, the coloring and bleaching process can be expressed as: xM+ + xe- + WO3 (colorless) = MxWO3 (blue)
Wherein M+ is a small volume cation, e- is an electron injected or extracted at the same time, and x is an ion implantation amount. The ions, the path of migration, are derived from a liquid or solid electrolyte. The ionic conductivity of the electrolyte determines the rate of ion migration and thus plays an important role in the electrochromic rate. Although liquid electrolytes generally have high electrical conductivity, early experimental studies have shown that they are corrosive and practically inconvenient, so high conductivity solid electrolytes are selected.
