WO3 electrochromic film is a smart material that can be applied to architectural glass to obtain the so-called smart windows for thermal insulation and energy conservation. There are many methods for preparing such WO3 electrochromic film, such as, a spray method, a hydrothermal method, and an electrodeposition method.
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Spraying method provides a possibility to prepare a WO3 electrochromic film with large-area high cycle stability by a low-cost solution method. However, the current research mainly produces a film by spray pyrolysis, which is not conducive to ion transport, so the response time is long. Hydrothermal method is widely used, but the process for preparation of WO3 film is complicated, requiring high temperature long-term reaction. And the seed layer coated on the surface of the conductive substrate is required to be high. Also the choice of conductive substrate is limited by preparation conditions such as high temperature and high pressure. Electrodeposition method provides a solution for the rapid preparation of WO3 electrochromic films and deposition of different substrates. However, the electrochromic films prepared by electrodeposition tend to be relatively dense, which is not conducive to the diffusion of ions.
