Cycle performance of Ti-doping tungsten trioxide electrochromic film is superior to that of undoped WO3 film. This is because during the lithium ion injection process, the WO3 transforms from the monoclinic phase to the cubic phase, while the Ti-doped WO3 has no change in crystal structure before and after discoloration. And the lattice strain caused by discoloration is reduced. That is to say, the energy barrier to be overcome is reduced, the roughness variation is reduced. And thus the cycle performance of Ti-doping WO3 film is superior to that of the undoped WO3 film.
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In addition, compared with the WO3 film, the Ti-doped tungsten trioxide film has similar discoloration amplitude. And the color change response speed is obviously increased with the increase of injection charge amount. After a number of cycles, the current decay becomes smaller and the cycle stability increases. The round particles on the surface of the film become lamellar particles, and the particle size becomes smaller with reduced roughness. The doping of Ti causes WO3 to change from a monoclinic system to a cubic system, and the W-O bond becomes longer, which is more advantageous for bonding with lithium ions, so that the film can accommodate more charge.
